Christian Art | Eve And Mary | God’s Love Revealed In Jesus Christ
Office Of Readings | Advent Friday Week 2 | A Reading From The Treatise Of Saint Irenaeus Against The Heresies | On Eve And Mary
‘Eve and Mary.’
Saint Irenaeus sets before us one of the earliest and most important Christian ways of understanding salvation: God heals humanity by retracing its steps. What was damaged at the beginning is not abandoned but restored, and it is restored in a way that respects both human freedom and God’s justice.
Irenaeus begins with Christ’s obedience. Humanity’s fall began at a tree, when Adam disobeyed God in the garden of Eden. Christ reverses that act by his obedience on another tree, the cross. Salvation is not an escape from human history but a healing within it. Christ enters fully into creation, is sustained by it, and redeems it from within.
Irenaeus then places Eve and Mary side by side. Eve, still a virgin and promised in marriage, listened to a word that was false and turned away from God. Mary, also a virgin and promised in marriage, listened to a word that was true and turned toward God in obedience. Where Eve fled from God, Mary welcomed God into her life. The contrast is deliberate and careful: the same human situation becomes the place of reversal.
This does not mean that Mary replaces Eve, but that she becomes her advocate. Humanity is not condemned by its first disobedience forever. Through Mary’s obedience, the knot of disobedience is loosened. God’s plan works not by force but by persuasion, not by negating human freedom but by restoring it.
Irenaeus insists that this victory must be just. Since humanity was deceived through a woman, the defeat of the enemy comes through a woman as well. Since death entered through a human act, life must return through a human act. This is why Christ is truly born of a woman and truly human. Salvation is not imposed from outside but won fairly within the same human condition that had fallen.
By calling himself the Son of Man, Christ gathers all humanity into himself. Adam’s defeat had consequences for all; Christ’s victory does the same, but in the opposite direction. What was lost through disobedience is restored through obedience. What was bound by death is released into life.
For Irenaeus, this teaching safeguards the goodness of creation, the dignity of the human body, and the coherence of God’s saving plan. Redemption is not an afterthought. From the beginning, God intended to heal, restore, and raise humanity, leading it not back to Eden, but forward into life with him.
A Reading From The Treatise Of Saint Irenaeus Against The Heresies | On Eve And Mary
The Lord, coming into his own creation in visible form, was sustained by his own creation which he himself sustains in being. His obedience on the tree of the cross reversed the disobedience at the tree in Eden; the good news of the truth announced by an angel to Mary, a virgin subject to a husband, undid the evil lie that seduced Eve, a virgin espoused to a husband.
As Eve was seduced by the word of an angel and so fled from God after disobeying his word, Mary in her turn was given the good news by the word of an angel, and bore God in obedience to his word. As Eve was seduced into disobedience to God, so Mary was persuaded into obedience to God; thus the Virgin Mary became the advocate of the virgin Eve.
Christ gathered all things into one, by gathering them into himself. He declared war against our enemy, crushed him who at the beginning had taken us captive in Adam, and trampled on his head, in accordance with God’s words to the serpent in Genesis: I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; he shall lie in wait for your head, and you shall lie in wait for his heel.
The one lying in wait for the serpent’s head is the one who was born in the likeness of Adam from the woman, the Virgin. This is the seed spoken of by Paul in the letter to the Galatians: The law of works was in force until the seed should come to whom the promise was made.
He shows this even more clearly in the same letter when he says: When the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman. The enemy would not have been defeated fairly if his vanquisher had not been born of a woman, because it was through a woman that he had gained mastery over man in the beginning, and set himself up as man’s adversary.
That is why the Lord proclaims himself the Son of Man, the one who renews in himself that first man from whom the race born of woman was formed; as by a man’s defeat our race fell into the bondage of death, so by a man’s victory we were to rise again to life.
Christian Prayer With Jesus
God of faithfulness,
you did not abandon us when we fell,
but prepared our restoration with patience and love.
Grant us hearts like Mary’s,
ready to hear your word and obey it,
so that we may share in the victory of Christ,
who restores all things in himself.
Amen.
Glossary Of Christian Terms
Irenaeus of Lyons – Second-century bishop and theologian, defender of apostolic faith against early heresies.
Eve – The first woman, whose disobedience contributed to humanity’s fall (Genesis 3).
Mary – The mother of Jesus, whose obedience made possible the Incarnation (Luke 1).
Obedience / disobedience – Key themes in Irenaeus, describing humanity’s fall and restoration.
Recapitulation – Irenaeus’s teaching that Christ ‘sums up’ or re-lives human history in order to heal it.
Son of Man – Title used by Christ to express his full solidarity with humanity.
Saint Cyril begins with the assertion that Christians, having been filled with the Spirit and promised resurrection, can live as though the future glory has already broken into the present. His exposition of 2 Corinthians 5:17 (‘If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation’) emphasizes a radical transformation of the human person. This is not mere moral improvement but a mystical renewal in which believers are no longer defined by the limitations of the flesh or the corruptibility of sin [ … ]
King James Audio Bible | KJV | King James Version King Herod There were several individuals named Herod who played significant roles in ancient history, particularly in the history of the Roman Empire and the region of Palestine. Here is a brief overview of the most notable Herods: Herod the Great: Also known as Herod I, he was a Roman client king of Judea, ruling from 37 BC to 4 BC. He is perhaps most famous for his role in the biblical story of the birth of Jesus, in which it is said that he ordered the slaughter of all male children in Bethlehem under the age of two in an attempt to kill the newborn Jesus. Herod Antipas: Also known as Herod II, he was the son of Herod the Great and ruled over Galilee and Perea, two regions in Palestine, from 4 BC to 39 AD. He is mentioned in the New Testament as the ruler who imprisoned John the Baptist and later had him beheaded. Herod Agrippa I: Also known as Herod III, he was the grandson of Herod the Great and ruled over Judea from 41 to 44 AD. He is mentioned in the New Testament as the ruler who imprisoned the apostle Paul. Herod Agrippa II: Also known as Herod IV, he was the great-grandson of Herod the Great and ruled over parts of Palestine and Syria from 50 to 100 AD. He is mentioned in the New Testament as the ruler who heard Paul’s defence before the Roman governor Festus. These rulers, who were known as the Herodian dynasty, were not Jewish but rather descended from a Greek family that had converted to Judaism. Despite this, they were appointed as rulers by the Roman Empire and were generally unpopular among the Jewish population due to their collaboration with the Roman occupation and their often brutal methods of rule. Herod The Great Herod the Great, also known as Herod I, was a Roman client king of Judea who ruled from 37 BC to 4 BC. He was born in 73 BC in Idumea, a region in southern Palestine, and was the son of Antipater the Idumean, an Edomite who had been appointed as a governor of Judea by the Roman general Pompey. Herod rose to power after the Roman general Julius Caesar appointed him as king of Judea in 40 BC. He consolidated his power over the next few years by defeating his rivals and establishing himself as the undisputed ruler of the region. As king, Herod embarked on a massive building program that included the expansion and renovation of the Temple in Jerusalem, the construction of the port city of Caesarea Maritima, and the fortification of several cities in Judea. He also commissioned the construction of a number of palaces and other buildings, including the famous Herodium, a palace-fortress located south of Jerusalem. Despite his many accomplishments, Herod was a controversial figure who was known for his harsh rule and his willingness to use violence to maintain his power. He was married several times and had a large number of children, several of whom he had executed when they posed a threat to his rule. One of the most famous stories associated with Herod is the biblical account of the birth of Jesus, in which it is said that he ordered the slaughter of all male children in Bethlehem under the age of two in an attempt to kill the newborn Jesus. According to the New Testament, Jesus was saved by his parents, who fled to Egypt, and later returned to Palestine after Herod’s death. Herod died in 4 BC at the age of 70, leaving a legacy as one of the most significant rulers in the history of ancient Palestine. Herod Antipas Herod Antipas, also known as Herod II, was the son of Herod the Great and ruled over Galilee and Perea, two regions in Palestine, from 4 BC to 39 AD. He was born in 20 BC and was named after his father’s patron, the Roman emperor Augustus. Like his father, Herod Antipas was known for his ambitious building projects, including the construction of the city of Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee and the expansion of the Temple in Jerusalem. He was also known for his political cunning and his ability to navigate the complex political landscape of the Roman Empire. Herod Antipas is mentioned in the New Testament as the ruler who imprisoned John the Baptist, a prominent religious figure who criticized Herod’s marriage to his sister-in-law, Herodias. According to the New Testament, John was eventually beheaded at the request of Herodias’ daughter, Salome, who danced for Herod and his guests at a banquet. Herod Antipas is also mentioned in the New Testament as the ruler who oversaw the trial and execution of Jesus. Although he initially wanted to release Jesus, he ultimately handed him over to the Roman authorities at the urging of the Jewish religious leaders. Herod Antipas’ rule came to an end in 39 AD when the Roman emperor Caligula exiled him to Gaul, modern-day France. He died in exile a few years later. Herod Agrippa I Herod Agrippa I, also known as Herod III, was the grandson of Herod the Great and ruled over Judea from 41 to 44 AD. He was born in 10 BC and was the son of Aristobulus and Bernice, two of Herod the Great’s children. Herod Agrippa I was well-educated and fluent in both Greek and Hebrew, and he was highly regarded by the Roman authorities for his loyalty and his ability to maintain order in Judea. He was appointed as king of Judea in 41 AD by the Roman emperor Claudius, who was impressed by his abilities and saw him as a reliable ally in the region. As king, Herod Agrippa I continued the building projects of his grandfather and expanded the Temple in Jerusalem. He also implemented a number of reforms aimed at improving the lives of the […]
As bishop, theologian, and composer, Saint Ambrose of Milan shaped the doctrine, liturgy, and moral character of Latin Christianity. Born into the elite of the Roman Empire and trained in classical rhetoric, Saint Ambrose rose from civil office to ecclesiastical leadership under unusual circumstances. His life exemplifies the intersection of Roman civic tradition with the emerging authority of the Christian Church. His writings, hymns, and pastoral actions continue to influence both theological scholarship and devotional practice [ … ]
