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Office Of Readings | Week 28, Saturday, Ordinary Time | A Reading From The Constitution Of The Second Vatican Council On The Church In The Modern World | City Of God | I Am Alpha And Omega
‘I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last.’
This reading reflects the vision of the Second Vatican Council concerning the Church’s relationship with the modern world. It presents human history as the meeting place of divine purpose and human freedom. The ‘earthly’ and ‘heavenly’ cities – terms drawn from Augustine – are not separate realities but interwoven. Their relationship can only be discerned through faith, because human progress remains marked by sin and imperfection until the final revelation of God’s glory.
The Church’s mission is both spiritual and human. In communicating divine life through word and sacrament, she also radiates its light across human society. Her service includes defending the dignity of the person, promoting justice, and deepening the meaning of human work and culture. The document situates these efforts not as social activism alone, but as expressions of the Church’s sacramental nature: she is the ‘universal sacrament of salvation’, a visible sign and instrument of God’s saving love in history.
This mutual relationship between Church and world is dynamic. The Church contributes to the moral and spiritual enrichment of human life, while also receiving from the world insights, experiences, and cultural forms that aid her mission. Yet her ultimate purpose remains fixed: to serve the coming of God’s kingdom and the salvation of all humanity. Every genuine good in human progress finds its source and fulfilment in this divine plan.
The text then directs attention to Christ, the centre of all history. The eternal Word, through whom all things were made, entered creation to restore unity and reconcile all things. In his resurrection and exaltation, Christ becomes the end toward which all human striving tends – ‘the joy of all hearts and the fulfilment of their desires’. The meaning of civilisation and the destiny of the human race converge in him.
This reading concludes with the words of the risen Lord from the Book of Revelation: ‘I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last.’ These titles express the totality of divine sovereignty: Christ is both origin and end, the one in whom time and eternity are reconciled. The Christian vision of history therefore holds together the temporal and the eternal — human progress and divine completion — within the unity of God’s purpose to make all things one in Christ.
A Reading From The Constitution Of The Second Vatican Council On The Church In The Modern World | City Of God | I Am Alpha And Omega
The way in which the earthly and the heavenly city interpenetrate each other can be recognized only by faith; of a history always troubled by sin until the glory of the sons of God is fully revealed.
As she pursues her appointed goal of bringing salvation to men, the Church not only communicates the divine life to mankind but also in some measure reflects the light of that life over the whole world. She does this especially through her work of restoring and enhancing the dignity of the human person, of strengthening the fabric of human society, and of enriching the daily activity of men with a deeper meaning and importance. The Church believes that in this way she can make a great contribution, through individual members and the community as a whole, toward bringing a greater humanity to the family of man and to its history.
While the Church helps the world and herself receives much from the world, she has one object in view: the coming of God’s kingdom and the salvation of the whole human race. Every good that the people of God in the course of its earthly pilgrimage can confer on the family of men derives from the fact that the Church is the universal sacrament of salvation, revealing, and at the same time bringing into operation, the mystery of God’s love for man.
The Word of God, through whom all things were made, was himself made flesh so that as perfect man he might save all men and bring all things into unity. The Lord is the final end of human history, the point toward which the aspirations of history and civilization are moving, the focus of the human race, the joy of all hearts and the fulfilment of their desires. He it is whom the Father raised from the dead, lifted up on high and set at his right hand, appointing him judge of the living and the dead. In his Spirit we have been brought to life and gathered into unity, and so make our pilgrim way toward the goal of human history, a goal in complete harmony with the loving plan of God to make all things one in Christ, the things in heaven and the things on earth.
The Lord himself says: See, I am coming soon; I bring my recompense with me, to give to everyone what his deeds deserve. I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.
Christian Prayer With Jesus
Lord Jesus Christ,
Alpha and Omega,
the beginning and the end of all things,
grant that your Church may reflect your light in the world.
Strengthen her service of truth and justice,
and guide all human work towards your kingdom
city of God.
Unite all peoples in the peace of your Spirit,
that creation may be brought to its fulfilment in you,
who live and reign with the Father and the Holy Spirit,
God for ever and ever.
Amen.
Glossary Of Christian Terms
Earthly and Heavenly Cities – Terms drawn from Augustine’s City of God, describing the tension between human society and the divine community being formed in history.
Universal Sacrament of Salvation – A phrase used by Vatican II to describe the Church as both sign and means of communion between God and humanity.
Alpha and Omega – The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, used in Revelation to symbolise Christ as the beginning and end of all things.
The Word (Logos) – The eternal Son of God, through whom all things were made and who became incarnate in Jesus Christ.
Kingdom of God – The reign of God’s justice and peace, present in Christ and moving towards completion in the renewal of all creation.
Human Dignity – The inherent worth of every person, affirmed by the Church as grounded in the image of God and redeemed in Christ.
We are invited to turn to God, to seek intimacy with Christ within the soul, and to place ultimate trust in God rather than in worldly concerns. At its heart, the text speaks of the inward kingdom — ‘the peace and joy of the Holy Spirit’ — which exists not in external circumstances but in the soul prepared for God’s indwelling [ … ]
Jesus’ words to us in these verses may seem very strange indeed, even brutal. Are we really to hate our father, our mother, our family? We may recall the time when Jesus rejects his mother and family when they are calling him [ … ]
Christian Art | Our Lord Jesus On The Cross | God The Father | God The Son Office Of Readings | Advent December 23rd | A Reading From The Treatise Of Saint Hippolytus Against The Heresy Of Noetus | The Hidden Sacrament Is Revealed ‘The hidden sacrament is revealed.’ In this reading, Saint Hippolytus writes against the Noetic heresy, which denied the real distinction between the Father and the Son by treating them as the same person acting under different names. The purpose of Saint Hippolytus is to defend the Church’s confession of one God who is not solitary, but who exists with his Word and Spirit. Hippolytus begins by setting a principle: knowledge of God comes from the Holy Scriptures, not from speculation or private reasoning. Faith is not shaped by human preference but by what God has chosen to reveal. The Father determines how He is believed, the Son how He is glorified, and the Spirit how He is received. This establishes Scripture as the rule of faith and guards against theological invention. Hippolytus then affirms that God existed alone before creation, with nothing co-eternal alongside Him. At the same time, God was not without reason, wisdom, or power. Hippolytus insists that plurality within God does not compromise divine unity. God contains within himself Word, wisdom, and counsel. Creation begins when God wills and manifests His Word. The Word is not created from nothing but proceeds from God and acts as the agent of creation. The Word is first invisible to the created world, though known to God. When God chooses, He makes the Word visible, described as ‘Light of Light’. This language safeguards both distinction and unity: the Word comes from God and reveals God, without being separate from Him. The manifestation of the Word is ordered towards salvation, so that the world may see and be saved. Hippolytus identifies this Word clearly with the Son of God. Through him all things were made, and he alone comes forth from the Father. The Law and the prophets belong to the same saving plan. God speaks through them by the Holy Spirit, so that they proclaim not their own ideas but the Father’s will. Revelation is therefore coherent: creation, prophecy, and incarnation belong to one divine purpose. Hippolytus appeals to the Gospel of John to show continuity between prophecy and fulfilment. The Word spoken of by the prophets is the Word made flesh. Though the world was made through him, it failed to recognise him. This failure does not negate God’s plan but reveals the depth of the mystery now disclosed. A Reading From The Treatise Of Saint Hippolytus Against The Heresy Of Noetus | The Hidden Sacrament Is Revealed There is, brethren, one God, the knowledge of whom we gain from the Holy Scriptures and from no other source. Whatever things the Holy Scriptures declare, at these let us look; and whatever they teach, let us learn it; and as the Father wills our belief to be, let us believe; and as he wills the Son to be glorified, let us glorify him; and as he wills the Holy Spirit to be bestowed, let us receive him. Not according to our own will, nor according to our own mind, nor yet storming by force the things which are given by God, but even as he has chosen to teach them by the Holy Scriptures, so let us discern them. God, subsisting alone, and having nothing coeval with himself, chose to create the world. And conceiving the world in mind, and willing and uttering the Word, he made it; and at once it appeared, formed it in the way he desired. For us it is sufficient simply to know that nothing was coeval with God. Outside him there was nothing; but he, while existing alone, yet existed in plurality. For he did not lack reason, or wisdom, or power, or counsel. All things were in him, and he was the All. At a time and in a manner chosen by him he made his Word manifest, and through his Word he made all things. He bears this Word in himself, as yet invisible to the created world. He makes him visible, uttering the voice first, and begetting him as Light of Light. He presents him to the world as its Lord; and whereas the Word was visible formerly to God alone, and invisible to the world which is made, God makes the Word visible in order that the world might see him and be able to be saved. This is the mind which came forth into the world and was manifested as the Son of God. All things came into being through him, and he alone comes from the Father. He gave us the Law and the prophets; and in giving them, he made them speak by the Holy Ghost, in order that, receiving the inspiration of the Father’s power, they might declare the Father’s counsel and will. Thus, then, was the Word made manifest, even as the blessed John says. For he sums up the things that were said by the prophets, and shows that this is the Word, by whom all things were made. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things were made by him, and without him nothing was made. And later, The world was made by him, and the world did not know him; he came to his own, and his own did not receive him. Christian Prayer With Jesus Lord God,You are one, and from You come the Word and the Spirit.You have chosen to make Yourself known, not by human effort,but by what You have revealed in the scriptures. You spoke Your Word, and all things were made.You made that Word visible, so that the world might see and be saved.Grant that we may receive what You give,believe what You teach,and worship You as You have shown Yourself to be. Keep us […]
